Investigation of inner-basin variation: Impact of large reservoirs on water regimes of downstream water bodies

Large dams and reservoirs alter not only the natural flow regimes of streams and rivers but also their flooding cycles and flood magnitudes. Although the effect of dams and reservoirs has been reported for some vulnerable locations, the understanding of the inner-basin variation with respect to the effects remains limited. In this study, we analyse the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) built on the Changjiang mainstream (Yangtze River) to investigate the dam effect variations in the system of interconnected water bodies located downstream. We investigated the effect of flow alterations along the downstream river network using discharge time series at different gauging stations. The river–lake interactions (referring to the interactions between the Changjiang mainstream and its tributary lakes i.e. the Dongting and Poyang lakes) and their roles in modifying the TGD effect intensity were also investigated in the large-scale river–lake system. The results show that the water storage of the tributary lakes decreased after the activation of the TGD. Severe droughts occurred in the lakes, weakening their ability to recharge the Changjiang mainstream. As a consequence, the effect of the TGD on the Changjiang flow increase during the dry season diminished quickly downstream of the dam, whereas its impact on the flow decrease during the wet season gradually exacerbated along the mainstream, especially at sites located downstream of the lake outlets. Therefore, when assessing dam-induced hydrological changes, special attention should be paid to the changes in the storage of tributary lakes and the associated effects in the mainstream. This is of high importance for managing the water resource trade-offs between different water bodies in dam-affected riverine systems.     

绿色空间对休闲性体力活动影响的社区分异 ——以广州市为例

以广州市20个典型社区为例，构建多元线性回归模型，探讨了绿色空间对居民休闲性体力活动的影响，并剖析绿色空间对不同类型社区居民休闲性体力活动影响的作用机制。结果发现：1）不同类型社区居民的休闲性体力活动水平存在明显差异，低档社区的为782.99 MET-min/w，中档社区的为871.70 MET-min/w，高档社区的为1 227.91 MET-min/w；2）影响不同类型社区居民休闲性体力活动水平的绿色空间因素有所不同，低档社区、中档社区和高档社区的显著因子分别为“到最近公园广场距离”“邻里绿化覆盖率”和“健身活动设施数量”；3）绿色空间对休闲性体力活动水平影响的作用机制存在社区差异，低档社区居民休闲性体力活动主要受到成本作用的约束，中档社区居民主要受绿化环境作用影响，而高档社区居民主要受机会作用影响。     

LAMOST CCD camera-control system based on RTS2

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST) is the largest existing spectroscopic survey telescope, having 32 scientific charge-coupled-device(CCD) cameras for acquiring spectra. Stability and automation of the camera-control software are essential, but cannot be provided by the existing system. The Remote Telescope System 2 nd Version(RTS2) is an open-source and automatic observatory-control system. However, all previous RTS2 applications were developed for small telescopes. This paper focuses on implementation of an RTS2-based camera-control system for the 32 CCDs of LAMOST. A virtual camera module inherited from the RTS2 camera module is built as a device component working on the RTS2 framework. To improve the controllability and robustness, a virtualized layer is designed using the master-slave software paradigm, and the virtual camera module is mapped to the 32 real cameras of LAMOST. The new system is deployed in the actual environment and experimentally tested. Finally, multiple observations are conducted using this new RTS2-frameworkbased control system. The new camera-control system is found to satisfy the requirements for automatic camera control in LAMOST. This is the first time that RTS2 has been applied to a large telescope, and provides a referential solution for full RTS2 introduction to the LAMOST observatory control system.     

Fast adsorption of microcystin-LR by Fe(III)-modified powdered activated carbon

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic hepatotoxic peptides produced by the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis and present a public health hazard to humans and...     

PS Vir:a short-period solar-like contact binary

We present multi-color photometric observations and a one-dimensional spectrum, acquired from March 2016 to May 2017, for the short-period eclipsing binary PS Vir, by using the 2.16-m,85-cm and 60-cm telescopes at Xinglong station, which is administered by National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The spectral type was determined as G2V from the onedimensional spectrum. The photometric solution was reduced from BV Rc light curves. The results imply that PS Vir is a W-subtype contact binary with a mass ratio of q = 0.305(±0.008) and a fill-out factor of f = 14.4(±1.8)%. The orbital period may be undergoing a cyclic oscillation with an amplitude of A = 0.0027(±0.0001) d and a modulated period of 11.7(±0.2) yr, which may result from the light-time effect due to a third body. The lower limit on mass for the assumed component is 0.12 M⊙.Moreover, the more massive component of PS Vir may be a bit more evolved star as determined from the mass-luminosity diagram.     

Attribution analysis for water yield service based on the geographical detector method: A case study of the Hengduan Mountain region

Ecosystem services, which include water yield services, have been incorporated into decision processes of regional land use planning and sustainable development. Spatial pattern characteristics and identification of factors that influence water yield are the basis for decision making. However, there are limited studies on the driving mechanisms that affect the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services. In this study, we used the Hengduan Mountain region in southwest China, with obvious spatial heterogeneity, as the research site. The water yield module in the In VEST software was used to simulate the spatial distribution of water yield. Also, quantitative attribution analysis was conducted for various geomorphological and climatic zones in the Hengduan Mountain region by using the geographical detector method. Influencing factors, such as climate, topography, soil, vegetation type, and land use type and pattern, were taken into consideration for this analysis. Four key findings were obtained. First, water yield spatial heterogeneity is influenced most by climate-related factors, where precipitation and evapotranspiration are the dominant factors. Second, the relative importance of each impact factor to the water yield heterogeneity differs significantly by geomorphological and climatic zones. In flat areas, the influence of evapotranspiration is higher than that of precipitation. As relief increases, the importance of precipitation increases and eventually, it becomes the most influential factor. Evapotranspiration is the most influential factor in a plateau climate zone, while in the mid-subtropical zone, precipitation is the main controlling factor. Third, land use type is also an important driving force in flat areas. Thus, more attention should be paid to urbanization and land use planning, which involves land use changes, to mitigate the impact on water yield spatial pattern. The fourth finding was that a risk detector showed that Primarosol and Anthropogenic soil areas, shrub areas, and areas with slope 5° and 25°–35° should be recognized as water yield important zones, while the corresponding elevation values are different among different geomorphological and climatic zones. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity and influencing factors in different zones should be fully con-sidered while planning the maintenance and protection of water yield services in the Hengduan Mountain region.     

多遮挡环境下BDS/GPS组合动态差分处理算法及性能分析

研究BDS/GPS组合载波相位动态差分定位算法，讨论加入BDS后对模糊度固定的影响，针对部分区域有较严重信号遮挡的实测动态数据，分别进行单GPS和BDS/GPS组合解算。结果表明，相比单GPS，加入BDS后增加了共视卫星数目，改善了卫星几何结构，模糊度解算成功率和可靠性得到明显提高。多遮挡环境下测试数据显示，BDS/GPS组合的定位精度远高于单GPS，东向和北向精度优于8 mm、天向为16 mm，而单GPS东向仅为3 cm、北向和天向约8 cm。     

Small‐area patch‐merging method accounting for both local constraints and the overall area balance

Small‐area patch merging is a common operation in land use data generalization. However, existing research on small‐area patch merging has mainly focused on local compatibility measures, which often lead to area imbalances among land use types from a global perspective. To address the shortcomings of previous studies by resolving local and global concerns simultaneously, this article proposes a merging method that considers both local constraints and the overall area balance. First, a local optimization model that considers three constraints—namely, the areas of neighboring patches, the lengths of shared arcs, and semantic similarity—is established. The areas of small patches are first pre‐allocated. Subsequently, in accordance with an area change threshold for individual land use types, land use types with area changes that exceed this threshold are identified. The patches corresponding to these land use types are subjected to iterative adjustments while considering the overall area balance. Based on their area splitting abilities, the split lines for small‐area patches are determined, and small‐area patches are merged. Finally, actual data from Guangdong Province are used for validation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of preserving the local compatibility of patches while balancing the overall area associated with each land use type.     

渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷地层压力结构特征

深化含油气沉积盆地的压力结构研究，厘清异常压力的空间展布，对划分含油气系统、评价有利输导体系与明确勘探甜点区带具有重要的理论和实践意义。为深化渤海湾盆地富油凹陷的油气二次勘探，本文以歧口凹陷为研究对象，对其压力结构进行重点刻画。在实测地层压力的校正下，综合单井、连井和二维地震地层压力结构分析，厘清了歧口凹陷的压力结构特征，识别出4类纵向压力结构：①单超压带结构；②双超压带结构；③多超压带结构；④静水压力结构。纵向上，歧口地区存在3类纵向压力系统样式——单超压系统、双超压系统、静水常压系统。双超压系统是歧口凹陷的主要压力系统样式，广泛发育于主凹和各大次凹；从凹陷中心向盆地边缘，双超压系统逐渐向单超压系统、静水常压系统过渡。单超压系统主要分布于盆地边缘的斜坡和潜山区，如歧北高斜坡、羊三木-扣村潜山等。静水常压系统则主要分布在离深凹区更远的沈青庄潜山和埕北斜坡区域。上部超压系统和下部超压系统的顶板分别位于东营组和沙三段内部，侧向上受盆地边缘和深大断裂控制。上部超压系统的形成主要受欠压实作用控制，以歧口主凹为中心呈环带分布；而下部超压系统的形成主要受生烃作用控制，以主凹和几大次凹为中心分布。未来，下部超压系统中保存的天然气将成为歧口地区超深层天然气勘探的重点对象。     

Burial and exhumation of the Hoh Xil Basin,northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from detrital (U-Th)/He ages

The uplift and associated exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau has been widely considered a key control of Cenozoic global cooling. The south-central parts of this plateau experienced rapid exhumation during the Cretaceous–Palaeocene periods. When and how the northern part was exhumed, however, remains controversial. The Hoh Xil Basin (HXB) is the largest late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the northern part, and it preserves the archives of the exhumation history. We present detrital apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He data from late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the western and eastern HXB. These data, combined with regional geological constraints and interpreted with inverse and forward model of sediment deposition and burial reheating, suggest that the occurrence of ca. 4–2.7 km and ca. 4–2.3 km of vertical exhumation initiated at ca. 30–25 Ma and 40–35 Ma in the eastern and western HXB respectively. The initial differential exhumation of the eastern HXB and the western HXB might be controlled by the oblique subduction of the Qaidam block beneath the HXB. The initial exhumation timing in the northern Tibetan Plateau is younger than that in the south-central parts. This reveals an episodic exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau compared to models of synchronous Miocene exhumation of the entire plateau and the early Eocene exhumation of the northern Tibetan Plateau shortly after the India–Asia collision. One possible mechanism to account for outward growth is crustal shortening. A simple model of uplift and exhumation would predict a maximum of 0.8 km of surface uplift after upper crustal shortening during 30–27 Ma, which is insufficient to explain the high elevations currently observed. One way to increase elevation without changing exhumation rates and to decouple uplift from upper crustal shortening is through the combined effects of continental subduction, mantle lithosphere removal and magmatic inflation.